Patient born with unilateral cleft lip and palate The patient is a 19-year-old female from Firozpur in Punjab, India, born with a left-sided unilateral cleft lip and palate. A cleft palate is an incompletely fused roof of the mouth. She had undergone cleft lip repair at 4 months of age and cleft palate repair at 9 months of age. This had been followed by cleft alveolus reconstruction at 4 years of age. All these surgeries had been performed at a local hospital by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Surgical correction of these deformities is through oral and maxillofacial surgery. Experienced plastic surgeons also perform this surgery. Perfect alignment of many layers of skin and tissue are involved in this surgery. Surgery for removal of hypertrophic scar tissue might be needed at a later date. Bone grafts will be needed in case of bone deficiency in the alveolar region of the cleft. Speech therapy will be needed for normal development of speech. Normal speech development is very important for proper integration into society. The patient had developed a retruded maxilla as she grew up as well as a nasal deformity. This had made her feel very self conscious and she had always kept to herself with very few friends. She had also faced a lot of bullying at school. Bullying by peers can cause a lot of psychological scars in children with congenital deformity. This is more so in the case of cleft lip and palate as it is on the face. Her worried parents had consulted again with the oral and maxillofacial surgeon who referred them to our hospital. Initial presentation at our hospital in 2018 The patient and her parents initially presented to our hospital in 2018. Dr SM Balaji, rhinoplasty surgeon, had examined the patient and obtained a detailed history. He then ordered for detailed imaging studies, which revealed the retruded maxilla. The patient also had a nose that was depressed on the left side. There was also an ungainly scar with alar webbing on her upper lip from the previous surgery. The patient and her parents wanted correction of the above defects along with creation of a symmetrical nose and scar removal. Treatment planning included Le Fort I correction of her retruded maxilla followed by scar revision surgery of her upper lip. A rhinoplasty surgery was also planned for the nasal deformity correction. She underwent Le Fort I advancement of the maxilla at the time of her initial presentation to our hospital in 2018. She now presents with her parents for rhinoplasty and scar revision surgery. Treatment planning for rhinoplasty and scar revision surgery Examination revealed that the patient had an unsightly scar from her previous cleft lip surgery. There was also a nasal deformity with a depressed left nostril, which was considerably smaller in size than the right nostril. Left nasal sill correction and nose correction with costochondral graft was planned. Alar web correction was also planned on the left side. Surgical correction of the patient’s facial deformities Under general anesthesia, an incision was made in the right inframammary region and a costochondral rib graft was harvested. A Valsalva maneuver was performed to ensure that there was no perforation into the thoracic cavity. The incision was then closed in layers with sutures. Following this, a sulcular incision was made in the left anterior maxilla and a flap was elevated. The previously placed titanium plate and screws were removed. Left anterior maxilla was then augmented using the rib graft, which was fixed using titanium screws. Left nasal sill correction was next performed followed by closure of the incision with sutures. A transcartilagenous incision was then placed in the right nostril with dissection up to the dorsum of the nose. The nasal dorsum was augmented using the costochondral graft. A strut graft was then placed. This was followed by closure using resorbable sutures intraorally and intranasally. Successful correction of the patient’s complaints through surgery The patient and her parents were extremely happy with the results of the surgery. There was tremendous improvement in the esthetics of her face. She now had a nose that was symmetrical and in harmony with her face. The patient expressed that she could now face the world with a renewed sense of confidence. Surgery Video frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen>

Patient born with right sided cleft lip and palate The patient is an 18-year-old female from Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh, India who was born with a right sided unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft lip is the presence of a gap in between the two halves of the upper lip. This is a developmental defect that happens in utero. Repair of cleft lip involves perfect integration of layers of skin and muscle tissues. A cleft palate is incomplete fusion of the roof of the mouth. Cleft palate repair would result in closure of this defect. She had undergone cleft lip surgery at 3 months of age, cleft palate surgery at 8 months of age and cleft alveolus reconstruction at 4 years of age. All these surgeries had been performed by an oral surgeon at a local hospital. Cosmetic and functional complications arising from surgery The patient had developed an asymmetrical depressed nose along with hypertrophic scar from the cleft lip repair surgery. She had faced a lot of bullying in school and had always been a socially withdrawn person with few friends. The patient had become depressed of late and had begun to isolate herself inside the house. Her worried parents visited the oral surgeon who had referred her to our hospital for surgical correction of her deformities. The patient wished to have a symmetrical nose along with removal of the scar from the upper lip. Social difficulties face by children with cleft lip and palate Children born with cleft lip and palate deformity can face a lot of social difficulties. Bullying by peers is one of them. This usually occurs in the school setting. This is a result of these children being perceived as being different by other children. Parents have to be very sensitive and understanding while addressing these issues. Improper handling at this stage can lead to lifelong psychological scarring in these children. Initial presentation at our hospital with treatment planning Dr SM Balaji, cleft rhinoplasty surgeon, examined the patient and ordered comprehensive imaging studies. The patient had a unilateral cleft lip on the right side, which had caused the right side of the nose to become depressed. The right nostril was considerably smaller in size than the left nostril. There was also a noticeable scar near the right nasal sill. Treatment planning of nasal asymmetry and scar revision Rhinoplasty surgery would be required for correction of the nasal asymmetry. A rhinoplasty is also known as the nose job. Correction of the nasal defect was planned through the use of a costochondral graft harvested from the patient. The nasal bridge was to be elevated using the costochondral graft. A strut graft would be used to correct the depressed right nostril. Revision of the scar from the cleft lip repair surgery was also planned for the patient. This was explained to the patient and her parents who consented to surgery. Successful surgical correction of the patient’s complaints Under general anesthesia, an incision was made in the right inframammary region and a costochondral rib graft was harvested. A Valsalva maneuver was then performed to ensure that there was no perforation into the thoracic cavity. The incision was then closed in layers with sutures. Scar revision surgery was next performed with the scar near the right nasal sill being excised. A transcartilagenous incision was next placed in the left nostril and dissection done up to the dorsum of the nose. The nasal dorsum was augmented using the costochondral graft. A strut graft was then utilized to elevate the depressed right nostril. Closure was then done using resorbable sutures both intranasally and extraorally. Complete patient satisfaction at the outcome of the surgery The surgery was a success with a resultant symmetrical nose along with excision of the scar from the sill of the nose. Esthetic improvement of the patient’s face was immediate. The patient and her parents expressed complete satisfaction at the outcome of the surgery. The patient now had a more symmetrical nose, which was in harmony with the rest of her face. She expressed her joy and sincere gratitude to the surgeon. She was no longer afraid of fellow students teasing her. She will now be able to lead a normal life with more self-confidence. Surgery Video width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen">