Upper Jaw Retrusion
Sometimes the growth of the upper jaw (maxilla) may be deficient resulting in improper alignment of the jaws and teeth. This is very commonly seen in patients with cleft lip palate defect. As a result the upper jaw is too short for the face which may hide the teeth and create an abnormal bite. This may be treated by surgically lengthening the jaw, making it more balanced as compared to the lower jaw.
The treatment option may vary depending on severity and characteristic of the deformity. The effective line of treatment is decided upon after a detailed analysis of the deformity and attributes.
What is Maxillary Retrognathism
Maxillary retrognathism, commonly known as upper jaw retrusion, manifests as an underdeveloped or posteriorly positioned upper jawbone (maxilla), resulting in a recessed appearance of the upper teeth and potential facial asymmetry. This condition contrasts with upper jaw protrusion, where the upper jaw extends excessively forward.
Causes of Upper Jaw Retrusion:
- Genetics: Familial patterns indicate a genetic influence on upper jaw retrusion.
- Childhood Habits: Tongue-tie and mouth breathing during childhood can impact jawbone growth.
- Trauma: Injuries to the jaw or face in childhood may disrupt normal jawbone development.
- Tumors: Jaw or facial bone abnormalities, including tumors, can interfere with proper jaw growth.
- Cleft Lip and Palate: Congenital conditions like cleft lip and palate can contribute to upper jaw retrusion.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Sunken upper teeth and a flat facial profile.
- Midfacial deficiency, leading to facial asymmetry.
- Difficulty breathing and increased risk of sleep apnea.
Treatment Options:
- Orthodontics: Mild to moderate cases may benefit from orthodontic procedures, such as braces, to gradually realign teeth and jaws.
- Orthognathic Surgery: Severe cases may require surgery to reposition the upper jaw and achieve facial balance.
- Facial Implants: Implants may be used to augment the underdeveloped upper jaw, enhancing facial contour.
- Soft Tissue Grafting: Techniques involving soft tissue grafts can enhance midface symmetry.
Prevention Measures:
- Addressing Childhood Habits: Early intervention for tongue-tie and promoting nasal breathing can support normal jaw development.
- Prompt Treatment of Injuries: Timely medical attention for jaw or facial injuries helps minimize the risk of long-term growth abnormalities.
- Regular Dental Checkups: Routine dental checkups aid in early detection and intervention for upper jaw retrusion.
If concerned, consulting with an experienced dentist or oral and maxillofacial surgeon allows for a comprehensive evaluation and discussion of suitable treatment options tailored to individual needs.
